Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses associated with infection or allergic reactions. The incidence of sinusitis among the population of our country is 40%. With sinusitis, the cells of the ethmoid bone, maxillary, frontal and, finally, sphenoid sinuses are affected.

Classification of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis is a lesion of the maxillary sinuses of the nose.

Acute ethmoiditis is a lesion of the ethmoid cells.

Acute frontal sinusitis is a lesion of the frontal sinuses.

Acute sphenoiditis is a lesion of the sphenoid (main) sinus.

Etiology of sinusitis

The main source of sinusitis is infection of the sinuses with various microflora.

Acute sinusitis is characterized by monoculture (infection with one type of bacterial pathogens): pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci; viral infection (influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenoviruses).

Chronic sinusitis is characterized by a mixed microflora: more often staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Escherichia coli, fungal infection (fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida). Previously suffered acute respiratory viral infection; tamponade of the nose with nosebleeds; traumatic damage to the tissues of the nasal cavity is often the cause of the subsequent development of sinusitis of a particular localization.

Risk factors leading to the development of sinusitis

Aggravated allergic history.
Immunodeficiency states.
Diseases of the dentoalveolar system.
Swimming in polluted water.

Ways of infection in the nasal sinuses

Rhinogenic (through the natural fistulas of the sinuses)
Hematogenous (infection through the blood).
Odontogenic (in the presence of chronic foci of infection in the dentition.
With injuries of the sinuses.

The clinical picture of acute sinusitis

Common symptoms of acute sinusitis:

Nasal congestion.
Headache.
Fever.
Discharge from the nose.
Cold symptoms

Acute sinusitis is a lesion of the maxillary sinuses of the nose.

Symptoms of the disease acute sinusitis:

Nasal congestion.
Feeling of heaviness.
Tension in the cheek area on the affected side, especially when the trunk is tilted forward.
In acute sinusitis, the patient is worried about the feeling of pressure on the eyes.
Pain in the teeth on the affected side.
Headache of uncertain localization.
Discharge from the nose can be mucopurulent or purulent in nature.
Deterioration of smell.
Lachrymation (due to impaired patency of the nasolacrimal canal)
Acute ethmoiditis is a lesion of the ethmoid cells. The symptomatology of the disease differs little from acute sinusitis.

Symptoms of the disease acute ethmoiditis:

Pain in the area of ​​the root of the nose and orbit (on the side of the inflammation).
Nasal congestion.
Feeling of heaviness.
Tension in the cheek area on the affected side, especially when the trunk is tilted forward.
In acute sinusitis, the patient is worried about the feeling of pressure on the eyes.
Pain in the teeth on the affected side.
Headache of uncertain localization.
Discharge from the nose can be mucopurulent or purulent in nature.
Deterioration of smell.
Lachrymation (due to impaired patency of the nasolacrimal canal)

Acute frontal sinusitis is a lesion of the frontal sinuses. A characteristic sign of acute frontal sinusitis is a headache in the forehead, especially intense in the morning (due to the difficulty of outflow from the sinus when the patient is in a horizontal position).

Acute sphenoiditis is a lesion of the main sinus.

Symptoms of the disease acute sphenoiditis:

Headache in the back of the head;
Pain in the back of the eye;
Runoff of purulent discharge from the nasopharynx along the back of the pharynx;
Bad smell.

Complications of sinusitis

Orbital (orbital):

Phlegmon;
Optic neuritis (rare);
Periostitis of the orbit.
Edema, abscess of retrobulbar tissue.
Panophthalmos (inflammation of all tissues and membranes of the eye) is very rare.

Intracranial:

Meningitis;
Arachnoiditis;
Extra- and subdural abscesses;
Brain abscess;
Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus;
Thrombophlebitis of the superior longitudinal sinus;
Septic cavernous thrombosis.

Forecast

The prognosis for acute sinusitis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis is favorable, subject to timely treatment and prevention of complications. In chronic sinusitis, the prognosis can be favorable if the allergen is eliminated (identified) and good drainage is ensured using a sinus puncture or yamik procedure.